ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2026
Variability of urinary concentrations of glycol ether metabolites in pregnant women according to various sampling methods.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough suspected to alter child development, exposure to glycol ethers (GEs) is widespread in the general population and remains insufficiently characterised, especially given their short half-lives.
objectiveWe investigated the variability of urinary concentrations of GE metabolites in pregnant women using different sampling methods.
methodsThirty pregnant women were enroled by medical professional around Rennes, France. They completed questionnaires and underwent a repeated urine sampling protocol to collect all urine voids for one day and then two consecutive days, several weeks apart. We then measured the concentrations of nine GE metabolites in three pooled 24-h samples and three first morning void samples per woman, and all individual samples collected over two days (N = 530). We assessed the temporal variability of urinary GE metabolite concentrations for six sampling methods, calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), using mixed-effects models with random effects for each day and participant.
resultsThe highest ICC ( > 0.75) was observed for sampling methods involving the collection of one or three random urine voids within a day for 2-methoxyproprionic acid (2-MPA), and for the first morning void for both 2-MPA and phenoxyacetic acid (PhAA). For other GE metabolites, none of the sampling methods seemed to offer good enough reproducibility, with ICC < 0.63. SIGNIFICANCE: Among the methods assessed, FMV seemed to provide the best balance between reproducibility for PhAA and 2-MPA. For other metabolites, no sampling method seemed to provide sufficient reproducibility. IMPACT: Perinatal health concerns have been reported in association with exposure to glycol ethers (GEs). Reproducible methods for measuring GE exposure in pregnant women are therefore required. Metabolite-specific sampling strategies may be appropriate to investigate exposure-response associations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42547560What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.