ArticlePoultry science2026
Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein affect growth, serum indices, and fecal metabolomics in early-weaned gray-feathered King pigeon squabs.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, serum traits, and fecal metabolomics in early-weaned gray-feathered King pigeon squabs. A 3 × 3 factorial design was used with three ME levels (11.9, 12.2, and 12.5 MJ/kg) and three CP levels (18, 19, and 20%), producing nine treatments. A total of 216 healthy 15-D-old squabs were randomly allocated to the nine treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and three squabs per replicate, for a 28-d trial. Growth performance, body measurements, and serum biochemical, immune, and antioxidant traits were determined. Based on preliminary body-weight records available at sample selection and contrasting dietary nutrient structures, the 18% CP + 12.5 MJ/kg ME and 20% CP + 11.9 MJ/kg ME treatments were selected for untargeted fecal metabolomics. Dietary ME and CP significantly affected growth performance, some body measurements, and multiple serum variables, and significant interaction effects were detected for some traits. In the overall phenotypic assessment, responses to dietary energy-protein combinations were trait-specific, and the 20% CP + 12.2 MJ/kg ME treatment showed a favorable growth trend. Untargeted metabolomics revealed clear separation between the 18% CP + 12.5 MJ/kg ME and 20% CP + 11.9 MJ/kg ME groups in both electrospray ionization negative mode (ESI-) and positive mode (ESI+). Differential metabolites were mainly annotated as lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, and were mainly associated with sphingolipid metabolism, porphyrin-related metabolism, cofactor metabolism, and central carbon metabolism. Correlation analysis further indicated broad statistical associations between several key fecal differential metabolites and serum biochemical, immune, and antioxidant variables. Overall, dietary ME and CP jointly affected growth, serum physiological status, and representative fecal metabolic characteristics in early-weaned gray-feathered King pigeon squabs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.