ArticlePloS one2026
Comparative dynamics of coffee-tea cultural spaces in two Chinese cities: Evidence from Qingdao and Jinan, 2018-2024.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coffee shops and teahouses are important everyday consumption venues through which changes in urban consumption-space organization can be observed. Existing studies have often examined them separately, leaving limited comparative evidence on how their coexistence, relative balance, directional change, and functional embedding differ across contrasting urban contexts. This study compares Jinan and Qingdao, two major cities in Shandong Province with different historical and functional settings, using annual point-of-interest (POI) data from 2018 to 2024 within a unified 500 m × 500 m grid framework. Coffee Ratio (CR), Hybridization Index (HI), and Cultural Transition Intensity (CTI) were combined with long-run cultural zones, temporal trajectory types, functional-zone context, and supplementary robustness checks to examine POI-observed coffee-tea venue patterns. The results show that coffee-tea venue change cannot be understood as a simple process in which coffee replaces tea. Jinan showed substantial overall expansion in coffee-shop and teahouse POIs, with total counts increasing by 64.6% from 2018 to 2024, while coffee share changed only slightly from 42.6% to 43.1%. By contrast, Qingdao showed little overall growth in total counts (+0.9%) but a marked compositional shift toward coffee, with coffee share increasing from 49.3% to 59.1%. Grid-level results further indicate that Qingdao had clearer coffee-oriented restructuring, a higher coffee-dominant share than Jinan, and more stable coffee trajectories, whereas Jinan retained a stronger tea-oriented base, higher coexistence balance, and more bidirectional adjustment. Functional-zone analyses showed significant contextual associations in both cities, with clearer functional differentiation in Qingdao and stronger links between mixed-use settings and cultural hybridity in Jinan. Overall, the findings suggest that POI-observed coffee-tea venue restructuring is better understood as differentiated reorganization characterized by coexistence, selective concentration, and uneven directional change rather than as a single linear process of substitution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.