Observational studyIndian journal of ophthalmology2026
Clinical and epidemiological profiles of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a tertiary care setting: Association of disease pattern with recurrent attacks.
Observational study in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic disorder of the ocular surface that predominantly affects children in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding how different anatomical disease patterns relate to recurrence is important for guiding effective management. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profiles of VKC patients and assess the association between disease pattern and recurrence of attacks.
methodsThis cross-sectional observational study included 132 VKC patients presenting to a tertiary care ophthalmology center. Patients were classified into limbal, palpebral, or mixed patterns based on anatomical involvement. Demographic data, clinical features, and attack patterns (initial versus recurrent) were recorded. Chi-square tests assessed associations between disease pattern and clinical variables.
resultsThe cohort comprised 85 males (64.39%) and 47 females (35.61%), with 72.73% aged ≤10 years. Itching (81.82%) and redness (66.67%) were predominant symptoms. Limbal VKC was most common (59.09%), followed by mixed (24.24%) and palpebral (16.67%) patterns. The overall recurrence rate was 78.79%, with the mixed pattern showing highest recurrence (93.75%) and palpebral the lowest (54.55%). The disease pattern showed highly significant association with type of attack (χ² = 12.05, P = 0.002). Palpebral VKC presented more commonly as initial attacks (35.71%), while the mixed pattern was strongly associated with recurrence (28.85% in recurrent vs 7.14% in initial attacks).
conclusionVKC demonstrates distinct clinical phenotypes with significant association between disease pattern and chronicity. Mixed VKC represents the most severe, recurrent form requiring aggressive long-term management.
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