ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Mechanical loading vs. hypoxic stress: differential regulation of circulating irisin, myostatin, and HIF-1α following resistance training in young adults with overweight.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the effects of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LTBFR) compared with higher-intensity resistance training (HT) on circulating irisin, myostatin, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in young adults with overweight, with particular focus on the relative contributions of mechanical loading and hypoxic stress.
methodsTwenty-eight participants with overweight were randomized to LTBFR (40% one-repetition maximum + 60% arterial occlusion pressure, n = 14) or HT (70% one-repetition maximum, n = 14). Both groups trained three times per week for eight weeks. Body composition and serum biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention.
resultsA total of 12 participants in each group (LTBFR and HT) were included in the analysis. At baseline, anthropometric and body composition variables did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). After 8 weeks of training, arm circumference increased in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas thigh circumference increased only in the HT group (p < 0.05). Circulating irisin concentrations increased significantly following training in both groups (p < 0.05), with a significantly greater increase observed in HT compared with LTBFR (group × time interaction, p < 0.05). Myostatin levels remained unchanged (p > 0.05). HIF-1α concentrations increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05), with no significant group × time interaction.
conclusionsHT elicited greater increases in circulating irisin and increased thigh circumference, highlighting the role of mechanical loading in myokine and muscular adaptations. Both HT and LTBFR increased HIF-1α, indicating engagement of hypoxia- and metabolic-sensitive pathways across modalities, suggesting that LTBFR can serve as an effective low-load alternative to HT when higher-intensity resistance training is not feasible.
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