Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42545460›Full record

ArticleDiscover nano2026

Hydrogen-assisted combustion of GQD-DEE-enhanced WCO biodiesel in a dual-fuel CI engine.

Vinod Kumar Mallipudi, S J Margarette, Golamari Siva Reddy, Janaki Durga Venkatesh, Debabrata Barik, Prabhu Paramasivam, D Shanmugapriya, Abinet Gosaye Ayanie

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In one paragraph

Article in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vinod Kumar MallipudiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering, Tadepalligudem, 534101, India.
S J MargaretteDepartment of Physics (BS&H), Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women (Autonomous), Secunderabad, Telangana, 500100, India.
Golamari Siva ReddyDepartment of Bio Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522502, India.
Janaki Durga VenkateshDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya University, Surampalem, 533437, India.
Debabrata BarikDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India. debabrata93@gmail.com.
Prabhu ParamasivamCentre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
D ShanmugapriyaVicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, 1700000, Código, Chile.
Abinet Gosaye AyanieDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia. abinet.gosaye@astu.edu.et.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0730-0477

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The relatively low performance and elevated nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions associated with biodiesel-fueled compression ignition (CI) engines continue to limit their widespread application. To address these challenges, the present study investigates the combined influence of diethyl ether (DEE), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and hydrogen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel CI engine. Waste cooking oil (WCO)-derived biodiesel was blended with diesel at a ratio of 20:80 (B20) and supplemented with 10 vol.% DEE to formulate a ternary fuel (TF) blend. GQDs were dispersed into the TF blend at a concentration of 50 mg/L using an ultrasonicator (Hielscher UP400S, 160 W, 40 kHz) to ensure stable and uniform dispersion. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized GQDs were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Hydrogen (H2) was introduced through the intake manifold at flow rates of 5 and 10 LPM, serving as a supplementary fuel. The results demonstrated that the TF + GQD50 + 10H

Indexed as

Clean energyEmission reductionHydrogenNano-graphene quantum dotsTernary fuelWaste utilization

Identifiers

PMID42545460
PMCPMC13433711

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.