Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42545244›Full record

ArticleLa Medicina del lavoro2026

Combined Occupational Exposure to Lead and Other Metals and Risk of Lung Cancer.

Paolo Boffetta, David Zaridze, Beata Świątkowska, Tamás Pándics, Jolanta Lissowska, Eleonóra Fabiánová, John K Field, Dana Mates, Miriam Schejbalová, Lenka Foretova and 4 more

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Article in La Medicina del lavoro, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Paolo BoffettaStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. - Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA . - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
David ZaridzeDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.
Beata ŚwiątkowskaDepartment of Environmental Epidemiology, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Tamás PándicsNational Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary.
Jolanta LissowskaEpidemiology Unit, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
Eleonóra FabiánováRegional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
John K FieldRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Dana MatesNational Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.
Miriam SchejbalováFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Lenka ForetovaMasaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Vladimir JanoutFaculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Anush MukheriaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.
Chengfeng YangStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA / Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Monireh Sadat SeyyedsalehiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe evidence linking occupational exposure to lead and cancer in humans is suggestive. Existing studies examine individual exposure to lead, ignoring the potential joint effects of mixed metal exposure.

methodsWe analyzed the data of a case-control study of lung cancer conducted in seven European countries and comprising 2,861 cases and 2,936 controls, with a detailed assessment of occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium (VI), and lead, to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer for combined exposure to lead and these other carcinogenic metals, after adjustment for potential confounders.

resultsThe results suggested a synergism between lead and arsenic or cadmium: ORs were around 1.0 for lead alone and above 2.0 for combined exposure. No interaction was suggested between lead and chromium (VI).

conclusionOur results provide suggestive evidence of a possible interaction between occupational exposure to lead, arsenic, or cadmium and lung cancer risk, and highlight the importance of considering mixed metal exposures in occupational epidemiology.

Indexed as

LeadLung NeoplasmsOccupational DiseasesOccupational ExposureAgedArsenicCadmiumCase-Control StudiesChromiumEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsArsenicCadmiumChromiumLead

Identifiers

PMID42545244
PMCPMC13510300

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.