ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2026
Genetic evolution, phylodynamics, geographic spread of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in China from 2014 to 2025: an increasing potential zoonotic risk.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Avian influenza overview June-August 2026.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Subtype H9N2 of the avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a growing threat to the poultry industry and public health. However, since 2014, there has been no systematic study of its genetic evolution, genotype, spatial dynamics, and pathogenicity in China. Therefore, we performed a large-scale sequence analysis of the genome of Chinese H9N2 viruses from 2014 to 2025 using public databases and laboratory isolates. We identified 52 different genotypes in 1,591 H9N2 viruses, including 4 previously recognized genotypes (G6, G57, G58, and G68) and 48 newly defined genotypes (G118-G163) in this study. G57 and G118 were the main epidemic genotypes in China from 2014 to 2025. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis showed that there were 12 obvious migration paths for the spread of H9N2 AIVs in China from 2017 to 2022. In particular, the South China region was the main transmission centre. H9N2 AIV continues to circulate in chickens and ducks in China and spreads to other hosts. The H9N2 AIVs with the G57 and G118 genotypes could effectively replicate in MDCK, CEF, A549, and HBE cells with titres of 0.97-8.5 lgTCID
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