ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapies in IBD: immunomodulation, regeneration, and translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with limited treatment options and suboptimal remission rates. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their natural origin, biocompatibility, and capacity to deliver bioactive cargo. This study aimed to isolate exosome-like nanoparticles from the decoction of Methods: MFELNs were isolated from Xinyi decoction using differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. MFELNs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size and potential analysis, and metabolomic profiling. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH scavenging and intracellular ROS suppression assays. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by measuring cytokine expression and macrophage polarization via flow cytometry. The promotion of cell migration was assessed in NIH3T3 cells by scratch assay. UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and MFELNs were orally administered daily for 14 days. Disease activity index, colon length, histopathology, colonic cytokine expression, and gut microbiota composition were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and Western blot were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: MFELNs exhibited typical exosome-like morphology with a size of 66.7 ± 1.3 nm and a negative surface charge. Metabolomic profiling revealed enrichment in flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and phenolic acids. MFELNs demonstrated satisfactory biocompatibility and gastrointestinal stability. In vitro, MFELNs scavenged DPPH radicals, suppressed H Conclusion: MFELNs represent a novel class of decoction-derived exosome-like nanoparticles that ameliorate UC through integrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiota-modulating mechanisms. Their therapeutic effects are mediated, at least in part, through suppression of the SRC/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings position MFELNs as a promising natural nanotherapeutic strategy for UC and support the concept that self-assembled nanoparticles formed during herbal decoction constitute an important material basis for the efficacy of traditional Chinese herbals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.