Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42543528›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Human Spinal Cord Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue Patterning in Viscoelastic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels.

Xingchi Chen, Chang Liu, Garrett McDaniel, Sailesti Joshi, Shaoxuan Ma, Jennifer Berg Sen, Tristan Driscoll, Changchun Zeng, Yan Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xingchi ChenDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Chang LiuDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-7542
Garrett McDanielDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Sailesti JoshiDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Shaoxuan MaDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5692-2846
Jennifer Berg SenDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Tristan DriscollDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-5551
Changchun ZengDepartment of Industrial and Manufacture Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-3497
Yan LiDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-8519

Funding

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles of Human Brain Organoids for Stroke TherapyR01NS125016 · NINDS · FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Yan Li · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
National Science Foundation 2425703National Science Foundation CBET-1917618NIH HHS R01NS125016NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS125016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into various types of central nervous system organoids which are valuable for applications in tissue engineering and injury repair. The secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) of organoids, in particular the small-sized EV subset referred as exosomes (30-200 nm), have emerged as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine. This study investigated the encapsulation and controlled release of human spinal cord organoid (hSCO)-derived EVs in viscoelastic hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels and assessed their impact on organoid patterning. A series of pH-responsive hydrogels were fabricated, leading to sustained EV release regulated by viscoelastic properties. The pH of these hydrogels decreased from 9 to 7 during incubation, which altered hydrogel viscoelasticity, thereby modulating EV release kinetics. In addition, EV-loaded hydrogels regulated key hSCO patterning markers such as DBX1 and ISL1. Furthermore, these EVs in hydrogels can cross a modeled blood-spinal cord barrier and provide cross-barrier capability for delivery. Taken together, the organoid-secreted EVs in viscoelastic HA hydrogels can be released at a controlled rate and have potential to regulate spinal cord organoid patterning. This study advances our knowledge of regulating intercellular communication and developing EV-based therapies for treating neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesHyaluronic AcidHydrogelsOrganoidsSpinal CordHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsHyaluronic AcidHydrogelsextracellular vesicleshuman pluripotent stem cellshyaluronic acid hydrogelsspinal cord organoidsviscoelastic properties

Identifiers

PMID42543528
PMCPMC13507618

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.