ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2026
Autonomous intranasal delivery systems for central nervous system therapeutics.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intranasal delivery provides a rapid, non-invasive route to the central nervous system, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and first-pass metabolism. However, its therapeutic potential remains constrained by the nasal cavity's complex anatomy, the restricted surface area and permeability of the olfactory epithelium, and short drug residence times. Recent advances in nanotechnology and synthetic biology have enabled the development of autonomous and programmable delivery systems that can target the olfactory epithelium, enhance brain entry and sustain therapeutic release. This review highlights current strategies for engineering intranasal drug delivery vectors that can replicate or extend cellular functions to enable autonomous nose-to-brain drug delivery. These vectors include: synthetic nanoparticles that mimic essential cellular activities and allow for modular surface modification; extracellular vesicles that naturally carry therapeutic cargo and exhibit parent-cell-derived tropism; and living therapeutics, such as engineered microbes, viruses or stem cells, that respond dynamically to host environments and can be genetically programmed for precise payload production. Emphasis is placed on the modular design of functional components, host-responsive interactions tailored to anatomical and physiological cues, and the integration of programmable functions that collectively drive delivery autonomy and therapeutic efficacy. Together, these advances position intranasal delivery as a versatile platform for treating neurological disorders, offering a foundation for future translational development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.