SynthesisNursing inquiry2026
Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Efficiency of Nurse-Led Interventions: Insights From a Critical Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nursing inquiry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Healthcare systems worldwide face mounting pressure to deliver high-quality care while enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Nurse-led interventions have emerged as promising strategies to optimize care delivery, particularly within value-based health systems. However, a comprehensive understanding of their clinical impact and economic value remains limited. This systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines, searched nine international databases to identify and synthesize formally evaluated nurse-led interventions, programs, and strategies. Twenty-eight studies were included, encompassing diverse care settings and patient populations. Most studies reported improvements in clinical outcomes, including reduced hospital readmissions, enhanced quality of life, and improved chronic disease management. Several interventions analyzed effectiveness, particularly those involving advanced nursing roles such as nurse practitioners and case managers. Findings suggest that clinical effectiveness does not necessarily translate into increased professional authority: nurse-led interventions consistently generate value across patient, organizational, and systemic dimensions, yet nursing leadership remains structurally subordinate within healthcare governance. A systematic agenda for rigorous economic evaluation embedded in nursing research programs is urgently needed, alongside structural reforms that redistribute authority-not merely develop competencies-within healthcare organizations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.