ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2026
Perspectives on the economic costs of disease outbreaks to health systems.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Disease outbreaks are non-random public health phenomena attributed to known or idiopathic human, animal, and animal-based factors; a realm referred to as the One Health concept; a new global public health order for control and prevention of epidemics, endemics, and pandemics. These are diseases of viral, prion, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic origin, transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans and vice versa. Emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases such as rabies, Ebola, COVID-19, monkeypox, avian influenza, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and Lyme disease continue to affect populations across the world, pointing to unexpected budget impacts of the affected countries.
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