ArticleiScience2026
Dip-pen nanolithography-fabricated Bi and Hg meta-chemical surface sensors for ultra-sensitive detection of heavy metals in water.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Applications of Nanofabrication Technologies in the Preparation of Biomimetic Structures.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
The toxicity of heavy metals in water sources requires the use of sensitive devices capable of detecting levels in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. In this study, meta-chemical surface (MCS-Bi and MCS-Hg) sensors were developed using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), which enhanced the detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) at ppb levels, due to DPN's unique ability to control the surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio of patterned nanoclusters. The density functional theory results indicate that the binding strengths between the heavy metals and the active species (Hg and Bi) are comparable. The difference in the S/V ratio affects the detection limit (0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.02 ppb for MCS-Bi and MCS-Hg, respectively). This finding highlights the relevance of MCS sensors to the environmental field, their enhanced detection capabilities for toxic materials, and the reduced use of hazardous materials like mercury. The results provide a concrete methodology for reducing the toxicity of analytical devices without compromising sensitivity.
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