ArticleEClinicalMedicine2026
Development and independent validation of a hypoxemia risk prediction model (HAPPY-12K) for sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy: a multicentre prospective cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hypoxemia is a common and serious complication during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy for out- and in-patients. Though diagnostic and severity scoring systems of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and difficult airway assessment (DAA) are widely used to assess hypoxemia risk, there is no exclusively designed prediction model and convenient tool in real-world practice. We aimed to develop and validate a robust and accurate hypoxemia risk prediction model for pre-operative use in this context. Methods: Using data from out-patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy between May 2020 and November 2023 across seven hospitals in China with diverse regional and ethnic backgrounds, we developed and independently validated a hypoxemia risk prediction model for sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy (HAPPY-12K). The model was developed to pre-operatively predict occurrence of hypoxemia during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy, defined as SpO Findings: We included 11,957 patients, divided into a Training Set ( Interpretation: HAPPY-12K could enable efficient and precise hypoxemia risk assessment before sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy, providing timely alerts for high-risk outpatients. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project; Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Disease Control and Prevention Administration; Science and Technology Development Project of Nanjing Medical University; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; and Outstanding Young Level Academic Leadership Training Program of Nanjing Medical University.
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