Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42542383›Full record

ArticlePrenatal diagnosis2026

Diagnostic Testing After Positive Cell-Free DNA Screening for Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Clinical and Socioeconomic Determinants.

Blair K Stevens, Sarah Araji, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Randy Liu, Lauren Westerfield, Michael Wassef, Dejian Lai, Ignatia B Van den Veyver, Meera Krishnan, Charlotte Lawrence and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Prenatal diagnosis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Blair K StevensDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0568-8054
Sarah ArajiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-8526
Mohamad Ali MaktabiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7664-5700
Randy LiuJohn P and Kathrine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3936-4617
Lauren WesterfieldDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-6808
Michael WassefJohn P and Kathrine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1122-9858
Dejian LaiDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA.
Ignatia B Van den VeyverDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-5924
Meera KrishnanJohn P and Kathrine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Charlotte LawrenceJohn P and Kathrine G McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5028-7712
Siddharth K PrakashDepartment of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-9624

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess socioeconomic and medical factors associated with prenatal confirmatory diagnostic testing after positive prenatal cell-free (cfDNA) screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) in a diverse contemporary patient cohort.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who had abnormal prenatal cfDNA screening results indicative of SCA and were seen for genetic counseling between 2014 and 2024 at two tertiary academic medical centers. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association of demographic and clinical factors with confirmatory testing.

resultsOf the 692 patients with abnormal cfDNA results, 26% (n = 180) underwent diagnostic testing. These patients were older, resided in more affluent areas, presented earlier for genetic counseling, were more likely to have commercial insurance, and were less likely to prefer Spanish or use an interpreter. Compared to Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, diagnostic testing rates were higher for NH Asians but were lower for NH Blacks and Hispanics or when results indicated XYY or XXX. In logistic modeling, lower deprivation scores and commercial insurance were independently associated with higher testing rates.

conclusionOnly 1 in 4 patients pursued prenatal diagnostic testing following positive cfDNA screening for SCAs. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and preferred language were the primary determinants of testing.

Indexed as

AneuploidyCell-Free Nucleic AcidsPrenatal DiagnosisSex Chromosome AberrationsAdultFemaleHumansPregnancyRetrospective StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsCell-Free Nucleic Acidscell‐free DNA screeninghealth disparitiesprenatal diagnosissex chromosome aneuploidysocioeconomic factors

Identifiers

PMID42542383
PMCPMC13571795

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.