A 3-step static mechanistic modeling approach to predicting transporter- and enzyme-mediated interaction signals of direct oral anticoagulants.

Mostafa Ben Ahmed, Anne M Filppula, Aleksi Tornio

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Article in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mostafa Ben AhmedIntegrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Anne M FilppulaPharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.

Aleksi TornioIntegrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: aleksi.tornio@utu.fi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are susceptible to drug-drug interactions involving both transport and metabolism. The relative contribution of intestinal transporters in DOAC pharmacokinetics, however, is uncharacterized, hindering the prediction of their drug interactions. In this study, we examined potential interactions of select precipitants with apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban using a 3-step static mechanistic combinatorial modeling approach. In this approach, we (1) calculated apparent estimates of the fractions of efflux transport (f

Indexed as

AnticoagulantsModels, BiologicalAdministration, OralATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1Biological TransportDabigatranDrug InteractionsHumansPyrazolesPyridinesPyridonesRivaroxabanThiazolesAnticoagulantsapixabanATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1DabigatranedoxabanPyrazolesPyridinesPyridonesRivaroxabanThiazolesDirect oral anticoagulantsDrug interactionsEfflux transportersIn silico modelsMetabolizing enzymesPharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID42541913

DOI10.1016/j.dmd.2026.100360

PMCPMC13688972

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.