ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2026
Nanoparticles of thiolated gum ghatti for the controlled ocular delivery of Ciprofloxacin.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConjunctivitis is the most prevalent ocular disorder and characterized by irritation, swelling and inflammation of the conjunctiva. Fluoroquinolones are the most promising classes of antibiotics and among them; ciprofloxacin (CFX) is used to treat conjunctivitis.
objectivesTo provide a controlled-release approach for extended antibacterial action, CFX-loaded thiolated gum ghatti (TGG) nanoparticles were developed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional eye medications (rapid elimination, low bioavailability).
methodsGum ghatti (GG) was thiolated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) to enhance the mucoadhesion. The nanoprecipitation technique was applied to produce nanoparticles of TGG loaded with CFX. Particle size, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and XRD were employed to characterize GG, TGG, and nanoparticles. Permeation, mucoadhesion, ocular irritation and pharmacokinetics were performed.
resultsTGG and nanoparticles contained 0.09 and 0.13 mmoL of thiol groups/mg of polymer, respectively. Nanoparticles showed a diameter of < 200 nm and PDI of < 0.3, and showed improved CFX penetration by 80% compared to pure CFX. Nanoparticulate formulation showed no ocular irritation and sustained release of CFX with improved pharmacokinetic parameters.
conclusionThiolation is responsible for the improved mucoadhesion of TGG (1-fold) and nanoparticle (2-fold) compared to GG, making it suitable for creating eye formulations for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.