ArticleTobacco induced diseases2026
Secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking adolescents in three Vietnamese cities in 2025: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) remains common among adolescents, but evidence on setting-specific exposure in Vietnam is limited. This study estimated the prevalence of any and setting-specific SHS exposure from conventional cigarettes among non-current smoking students in three Vietnamese cities and identified associated factors.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported questionnaire data from a school-based cross-sectional survey in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City in 2025. The analysis included non-current smoking students aged 13 to under 18 years. The primary outcome was any SHS exposure in the past 7 days, defined as exposure at home, in indoor public places, or in outdoor public places. Secondary outcomes were setting-specific exposures. Associations were examined using Poisson regression with robust standard errors clustered at the school level, reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsAmong 4437 non-current smoking students, 67.2% reported any SHS exposure, 22.0% reported home exposure, 50.4% reported indoor public-place exposure, and 57.5% reported outdoor public-place exposure. Indoor smoking at home was the strongest factor associated with any SHS exposure (APR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.55-1.70). Higher prevalence was also observed among male students (APR=1.05; 95% CI:1.01-1.10), Grade 12 students (APR=1.15; 95% CI:1.06-1.25), students in Ho Chi Minh City (APR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), and selected weekly allowance groups, which may reflect greater mobility and spending autonomy. Setting-specific analyses showed lower home exposure but higher public-place exposure among older students.
conclusionsSHS exposure was highly prevalent among non-current smoking students in three major Vietnamese cities and varied by household and public-place contexts. Further longitudinal and implementation studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and strengthen the evidence base for strategies to reduce adolescent SHS exposure in home and public environments.
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