ArticleiScience2026
Apatinib resistance mediated by IRF9 nuclear translocation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apatinib is being increasingly utilized in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, clinical resistance to apatinib is commonly observed, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established apatinib-resistant HNSCC cell lines and performed SPIA (small molecule protein interaction assay) to identify interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) as a critical determinant of drug resistance. Mechanistically, apatinib binds to IRF9, enhancing protein flexibility and ability to bind the nuclear transport protein RAN and translocate into the nucleus. Once translocated, IRF9 facilitates tumor progression by the basal cell carcinoma pathway and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. HY-N1435 (Oroxin B), a small-molecule drug targeting IRF9, was found to reverse apatinib resistance in HNSCC. Moreover, higher IRF9 protein expression levels are associated with an increased likelihood of apatinib resistance. Taken together, the current study provided critical insights into the apatinib resistance mechanisms of HNSCC and proposed therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.