ArticleCureus2026
Low-Cost Homemade Simulation Trainer for the Erector Spinae Plane Block.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (USG-ESPB) is an interfascial plane block that provides analgesia for several conditions causing truncal pain. Many training models are available for purchase but may be cost-prohibitive for anesthesia and emergency medicine training programs. This article reports on a low-cost, reusable gel thoracic spine phantom for teaching the USG-ESPB. Materials and methods The phantom was made using an Axis Scientific skeleton model modified to include only the thoracic vertebrae, a plastic bin, and Huminic medical gel #0. The spine model was suspended in the bin, and the gel was melted at 275ºF and poured over it. Eight board-certified pain physicians and regional anesthesiologists at a pain management fellowship site were then surveyed to assess the characteristics of the phantom by touch and ultrasound. Results Of the participating physicians, 7/8 (87.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that the phantom reproduced the texture and resistance of human tissue. All participants (8/8, 100%) agreed or strongly agreed that the gel medium provided sufficient ultrasound penetration and enabled them to identify targets within it. All participants (8/8, 100%) also agreed or strongly agreed that the phantom was more transportable than commercial models and cadavers. Additionally, 7/8 (87.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that the phantom was more reproducible than commercial models, while 6/8 (75%) agreed or strongly agreed that it was more reproducible than a cadaver. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential for low-cost gel models to enhance regional anesthesia education. This phantom's favorable ratings in tissue realism, ultrasound visibility, portability, reproducibility, and reusability, especially when compared to commercial models and cadaver labs, support its value as an educational tool. Similar models may expand access to procedural training without the prohibitive cost of commercial simulators or cadavers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.