ArticleACS omega2026
Ca Metal Batteries and Sn Anode Alloying: Resolving Misconceptions in Ca-Sn Alloy Formation.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Ca metal anode suffers from surface passivation and struggles to effectively plate and strip in conventional Ca electrolytes, making the development of alloy anode for calcium metal battery essential. This work systematically and carefully evaluates the electrochemical formation and feasibility of the Sn anode and its possibility of alloying with Ca using a combination of cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Electrochemical measurements and SEM/EDS analyses indicate apparent Ca alloy formation. However, detailed XRD and TXM characterization reveal substantial lithium-ion involvement when lithium metal is employed as the reference electrode, even in electrolytes with high Ca salt concentrations. These findings highlight a significant risk of misinterpretation: Although limited Ca-Sn alloying may occur, the faster kinetics of Li
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