ArticleACS omega2026
Synergistic Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium and Enhanced Phosphorus Utilization in Contaminated Soil Using Phosphorus-Modified Hydrochar and Zeolite.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphorus (P)-modified hydrochar can immobilize lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils, but improving P utilization while mitigating P release remains challenging. In this study, banana peel hydrochar (BPH200) was synthesized via phosphoric acid modification at 200 °C, and a coal gangue-derived zeolite (ZL) was prepared. A 100-day soil incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the individual (1% BPH200 and 2% BPH200) and combined (1% BPH200 + 1% ZL) effects on Pb/Cd immobilization and P release risk. The immobilization performance, expressed as the reduction in toxicity characteristic leachingprocedure (TCLP)-extractable Pb and Cd, followed the order: 1% BPH200 + 1% ZL (78.61% for Pb, 67.61% for Cd) > 2% BPH200 (54.93% for Pb, 54.71% for Cd) > 1% BPH200 (27.41% for Pb, 21.13% for Cd). The P utilization efficiency, defined as the proportion of BPH200-derived P that contributed to Pb/Cd immobilization and to the increase in soil available P, showed a similar trend: 1% BPH200 + 1% ZL (73.29%) > 1% BPH200 (55.12%) > 2% BPH200 (50.22%). Temporal analysis revealed that soil Olsen-P in all treatments peaked sharply on the 10th day and then declined, with the 2% BPH200 treatment causing excessive Olsen-P levels (more than 20 mg/kg) throughout the incubation, indicating a persistent risk of P release. In contrast, co-application with ZL mitigated this risk while maintaining effective metal immobilization. These results demonstrate that ZL synergistically enhances P utilization for metal immobilization and reduces P mobility, offering a more sustainable remediation strategy for Pb- and Cd-contaminated soils.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.