ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Predictors of resistance and mortality in
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Methods: A retrospective matched case-case-control study was conducted at a referral hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia, between 1 January-31 December 2024. Adults with positive urine cultures of CRKP and CSKP were compared with matched controls without Results: In exploratory adjusted models, CRKP positive urine culture episodes showed association with prolonged hospital stay/hospital settings (AOR 1.015/6.599), and several comorbidities: pulmonary disease (AOR 5.952), renal disease (AOR 3.355), and malignancy (AOR 13.420). The malignancy estimate in the CRKP vs. control model was imprecise and was treated as an exploratory signal rather than a stable adjusted predictor. Demographic predictors for CRKP included female sex (AOR 6.172) and non-Saudi nationality (AOR 7.160). Similarly, CSKP positive urine culture episodes were associated with female sex, non-Saudi nationality, renal disease; malignancy, hepatic disease (AOR 8.100) and absence of device use (AOR 9.330) produced imprecise estimates and were interpreted only as exploratory signals. When comparing CRKP to CSKP, carbapenem resistance was associated with older age (AOR 1.021), diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.689); hospital setting (AOR 36.955) estimate suggested a healthcare-associated direction but had a wide confidence interval and unstable magnitude. Mortality was higher in CRKP (18.1%) than CSKP (9.2%) and controls (9.7%), but this did not reach statistical significance in the unadjusted group comparison ( Conclusion: CRKP was predominantly healthcare-associated and more likely among older patients and those with co-comorbidities. Since important confounders were unavailable and several estimates were imprecise, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating.
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