ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Associations between body composition phenotypes and physical function in community-dwelling older adults: an exploratory analysis of limb muscle mass asymmetry.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To identify body composition phenotypes and compare physical function across phenotypes among community-dwelling older adults, with a secondary exploratory analysis of limb muscle mass asymmetry. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 600 community-dwelling adults aged 60-79 years in Bengbu, Anhui, China. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, and lower-limb muscle mass were standardized within sex and entered into latent profile analysis to identify body composition phenotypes. Upper- and lower-limb muscle mass asymmetry indices (AIs) were calculated and standardized for secondary exploratory analyses. Physical function was assessed using the 30-s chair stand, one-leg stance with eyes closed, grip strength, and 2-min high-knee stepping in place. ANCOVA, linear regression, logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and extreme-group analyses were performed, with FDR correction applied to regression-related analyses. Results: Three distinct body composition phenotypes were identified: low-adiposity phenotype (C1, 27%), balanced phenotype (C2, 55%), and high-adiposity-high-muscle phenotype (C3, 18%). After adjustment for age and sex, significant differences across phenotypes were observed in grip strength ( Conclusion: Community-dwelling older adults showed heterogeneous body composition phenotypes with significant differences in several physical function domains. Limb muscle mass asymmetry was not robustly associated with functional performance after correction for multiple comparisons. These findings suggest that body composition phenotypes may provide useful information for understanding functional heterogeneity in older adults, whereas the role of limb muscle mass asymmetry requires further investigation.
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