ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Association of intratumoral CD68
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a common and highly lethal gastrointestinal malignancy. Although chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab is a standard first-line treatment, post-treatment resistance severely limits patients' long-term survival. While the remodeling of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is closely related to targeted therapy resistance, the specific impact of TAMs and their programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on post-treatment resistance and prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and immunophenotypic characteristics of CD68 Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and tumor tissues from 44 patients with mCRC who received first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab and were categorized into resistant and non-resistant groups. Multiplex immunofluorescence and digital image-based quantitative analysis were used to evaluate macrophage markers (CD68 and CD163) and PD-L1 expression in the whole tumor section, tumor areas, and stromal areas. Results: Compared with the non-resistant group, resistant patients showed significantly increased proportions and densities of CD68 Conclusion: In mCRC patients exhibiting resistance to chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab, the infiltration of intratumoral CD68
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