International survey on immunological diagnostics in children with sepsis.

Nina Schöbi, Philipp K A Agyeman, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Johannes Trück, Julie C Fitzgerald, Luregn J Schlapbach

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Intensive care medicine. Paediatric and neonatal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nina SchöbiDivision of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3010 Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5240-5016

Philipp K A AgyemanDivision of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3010 Switzerland.

Vanessa Sancho-ShimizuDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Johannes TrückDivisions of Allergy and Immunology and the Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Julie C FitzgeraldDivision of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.

Luregn J SchlapbachDepartment of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death and disability in children and it affects in up to 50% previously healthy children who have access to health care. Undiagnosed inborn error of immunity, considered to be rare at population level, may underlie host immune dysregulation and result in exceptionally high risk for life-threatening infections. Methods: From May 2023 to March 2024, physicians involved in the care of children with sepsis were questioned regarding their follow-up investigation practice in paediatric patients after community-acquired sepsis. This survey was distributed through three international societies. Results: A total of 168 responses from 50 countries were analysed. The majority (82%), reported to have more than 10 years of experience. More than half (53%) stated to work in Paediatric Infectious Diseases. Major variability across respondents was observed in the approach to different scenarios of patients with sepsis. Severity of presentation, and unusual presentations increased the likelihood of ordering immunological investigations. Only 7% reported to have access to a standardised sepsis specific guideline to immunologically investigate paediatric patients after sepsis. Conclusion: The results of this survey highlight a broad range of practices surrounding immunological investigations of children with sepsis. A consensus-based algorithm for standardised immunological and genetic testing in paediatric patients after sepsis could guide practice and inform future studies in the field. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44253-026-00120-w.

Indexed as

ChildInfectionInvasive infectionPrimary immunodeficiencyRare diseaseSepsis

Identifiers

PMID42539516

DOI10.1007/s44253-026-00120-w

PMCPMC13423901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.