ReviewWomen's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
Sex and Gender Differences Between Experiences of Discrimination and Physical Health: A Systematic Review.
Review in Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Despite a plethora of previous research on experiences of discrimination and physical health outcomes, there has been less attention to sex/gender differences, although some research suggests a greater stress-related biological and behavioral impact on women. Methods: Five databases were reviewed up to May 2023 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. We included studies that examined self-reported experiences of discrimination and physical health outcomes among adults (aged 18+) in the United States if results were either stratified by sex/gender or tested a sex/gender-by-discrimination interaction term. Results: A total of 3,397 articles were extracted, and 50 met the inclusion criteria, including 3 articles found through an external search. Ten studies reported that the measure of association between discrimination and physical health outcomes was greater among women, 7 reported a greater association among men, 21 reported homogenous associations, and 12 studies reported that the associations varied by sex/gender across multiple outcome measures or in more complex modeling analyses ( Conclusion: Discrimination and physical health outcomes vary by sex/gender, irrespective of race/ethnicity. There are some limitations and methodological issues that were found in the literature. These considerations should be reconciled in future research for more streamlined and consistent analyses and reporting. We further provide recommendations on analyzing and interpreting sex/gender differences in future research. Future studies should also examine sex/gender differences between experiences of discrimination and mental health outcomes.
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