Time-resolved phenotyping at subcellular resolution reveals shared principles and key trade-offs across antimicrobial peptide activities.

Alessio Fragasso, Tatjana Schlechtweg, Wei-Hsiang Lin, Annelise E Barron, Christine Jacobs-Wagner

Abstract readPreprint

In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alessio FragassoSarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8366-2998

Tatjana SchlechtwegSarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8430-3954

Wei-Hsiang LinSarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8177-5892

Annelise E BarronDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0735-6873

Christine Jacobs-WagnerSarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0980-5334

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a broad family of host defense molecules that neutralize bacteria by permeabilizing one or more membranes and/or inhibiting intracellular targets. Here, we present a time-resolved single-cell pipeline for quantifying these effects in

Identifiers

PMID42539310

DOI10.1101/2025.04.10.648262

PMCPMC13420454

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.