Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42539042›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

DNA methylation as proxy of genetic, prenatal and perinatal psychiatric risk factors.

Elena Isaevska, Rosa H Mulder, Isabel K Schuurmans, Nicole Creasey, Janine F Felix, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Neeltje van Haren, Charlotte Cecil, Alexander Neumann

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Elena IsaevskaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1846-7990
Rosa H MulderDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2382-1704
Isabel K SchuurmansDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2312-4087
Nicole CreaseyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1484-8593
Janine F FelixThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9801-5774
Jean-Baptiste PingaultDepartment of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Ct Rd, London W1T 5AU, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2557-4716
Neeltje van HarenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3090-7653
Charlotte CecilDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2389-5922
Alexander NeumannDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6653-3203

Funding

Epigenetic Pathways to Conduct Problem Trajectories: Early Environmental RisksR01HD068437 · NICHD · KING'S COLLEGE LONDON · PI BARKER, EDWARD D., MILL, JONATHAN · 2012 to 2014
$1.1M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068437Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cord blood DNA methylation profile scores (MPSs) based on genetic and pre-/perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) may capture downstream biological effects and help understand how combined exposure signals contribute to NDC risk. Methods: Using data from two longitudinal birth cohorts, Generation R (N Results: We validated four novel MPSs: maternal age, birthweight, and genetic liability for ADHD and schizophrenia (r range = 0.08 to 0.29) and included two previously validated MPSs: maternal smoking and gestational age (r range = 0.42 to 0.63). Jointly modeling the six MPSs with their corresponding risk factors explained on average 3.3% of variance in outcomes, higher than that explained by risk factors (1.8%) or MPSs alone (1.6%), indicating complementary sources of risk. The "transmission load" MPS did not replicate due to heterogeneous contributions of the predictors across cohorts. Conclusions: The four novel MPSs based on genetic and pre-/perinatal risk factors can serve as valuable tools for future research. Integrating genetic and prenatal risk factors with DNA methylation at birth can provide insights into their individual and joint contributions to early psychiatric risk and may improve prediction.

Indexed as

ALSPACGeneration Rgeneticsmethylation profile scoreprenatal risk factorspsychiatry

Identifiers

PMID42539042
PMCPMC13419560

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.