Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42539005›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Encoding Discordance in the Alzheimer's Disease A/T/N Framework.

Lauren Nicole DeLong, Yasamin Salimi, Helena Balabin, Paola Galdi, Jacques D Fleuriot, Paul Brennan

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lauren Nicole DeLongThe School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6618-3370
Yasamin SalimiDepartment of Biomedical AI & Data Science, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7773-7786
Helena BalabinLaboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
Paola GaldiThe School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4556-6799
Jacques D FleuriotThe School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6867-9836
Paul BrennanCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Funding

Project 1U19AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI MONICA G. RIVERA-MINDT · 2016 to 2026
$226.7M
NIA NIH HHS U19 AG024904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe biomarker-based amyloid/ tau/ neurodegeneration (A/T/N) framework has become a popular staging method for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Previous studies use the framework either as a rule-based or data-driven approach but typically sacrifice either adaptivity or interpretability.

methodsWe present an interpretable, hybrid method, called Neurosymodal Data Fusion, for predicting incident AD in the ADNI dataset. Specifically, we encode the A/T/N framework as a logic program, where the input biomarker features are extracted by one or more neural networks.

resultsOur pipeline predicted four-year incident AD with a sensitivity of up to 0.84. Additionally, our models learned scores for each A/T/N profile, denoting relative importances to model predictions. These scores also indicated that empirically-derived cut-off values for the A and T criteria might be uninformative for the ADNI data. DISCUSSION: Our pipeline provides a novel way to use the A/T/N framework that could potentially improve early AD screening years before clinical manifestations.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceA/T/N frameworkbiomarkersdisease progressioninterpretabilitylogic programmachine learningneurosymbolic

Identifiers

PMID42539005
PMCPMC13419567

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.