Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42538459›Full record

ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2026

Gun Violence Exposure and the Perceived Need to Carry a Firearm: The Role of Community Violence Intervention Awareness.

Stephen N Oliphant, Shaun Bhatia, Jessica Bishai, Jennifer K Paruk, Daniel B Lee, Daniel C Semenza, Andrew V Papachristos, Justin E Heinze

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stephen N OliphantInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. oliphasn@umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-173X
Shaun BhatiaInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Jessica BishaiSchool of Public Health, Health Behavior and Health Equity, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Jennifer K ParukInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Daniel B LeeInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Daniel C SemenzaNew Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Andrew V PapachristosInstitute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Justin E HeinzeInstitute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Funding

TRAINING IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHYT32HD007339 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sarah A. Burgard · 1987 to 2026
$14.9M
Firearm violence prevention through community-engaged vacant property reuse: Application of Busy Streets Theory in DetroitR01HD108021 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEINZE, JUSTIN EDWARD · 2021 to 2021
$2.2M
Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS): Multi-Disciplinary Research Training ProgramT32HD108054 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Patrick M. Carter, Marc A Zimmerman · 2022 to 2026
$1.7M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD108021NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007339NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD108054
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and firearm carrying. The extent to which community-led programs aimed at reducing violence counteract these effects is unknown. This study sought to examine (1) the relationships between GVE, anticipated risk of assault, psychological distress, and the perceived need to carry a firearm for protection and (2) whether awareness of community violence intervention (CVI) efforts in one's neighborhood moderates these associations. We used weighted survey data from a representative sample of 2,285 Detroit residents collected in 2024. Structural equation modeling approaches were used to estimate relationships. We found that past 6-month GVE was positively associated with psychological distress, anticipated assault risk, and a greater perceived need to carry a firearm for protection. GVE was also indirectly associated with a greater perceived need to carry a firearm through increased anticipation of assault. Path coefficients from GVE to psychological distress, anticipated assault risk, and the perceived need to carry a firearm were smaller among the CVI awareness group, and, apart from the association between GVE and anticipated assault risk, not significant. The positive association between GVE and psychological distress was significantly weaker among those who reported being aware of CVI in their neighborhood. Overall, these findings suggest that CVI awareness may be associated with a weaker relationship between GVE and mental well-being and safety-related perceptions. Additional research that examines broader health and safety-related outcomes is needed to more fully characterize the potential benefits of CVI, including among the broader community.

Indexed as

Community violence interventionFirearm carryingGun violenceMental healthSafety perceptionsViolence exposure

Identifiers

PMID42538459
PMCPMC13463175

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.