ArticleNature genetics2026
Cumulative transcription factor binding and p300-mediated histone acetylation drive enhancer activation frequency.
Article in Nature genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A practical guide to studying genome function using single-molecule genomics.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- FootprintCharter: unsupervised detection and quantification of footprints in single molecule footprinting data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In eukaryotes, transcription factors (TFs) must continuously compete with nucleosomes to access their binding sites, leading to cell-to-cell variability in chromatin accessibility at regulatory regions. Although critical to understand enhancer function in transcription, the mechanisms that define how frequently an enhancer is active in a cell population remain unclear. Here we used single-molecule footprinting to quantify the frequency at which chromatin is accessible at enhancers in response to TF perturbations and changes in their chromatin environment. We find that, individually, most TFs open chromatin in a small fraction of cells, and that cumulative TF binding controls enhancer activation frequency. Moreover, testing the functionality of hundreds of enhancers when inserted at an ectopic genomic location indicates that p300 activity is required for their full activation. Our data support a model in which enhancer activation frequency depends on the cumulative function of multiple TFs and is modulated by p300 activity.
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Registered trials
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