ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2026
Lead soil contribution to dust loading in urban homes built before and after 1978, measured through a community academic partnership.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLead exposure in U.S. communities is typically attributed to indoor sources, particularly lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes. However, exterior sources may contribute substantially to lead contamination, especially in heavily impacted communities.
objectivesTo determine whether soil lead is tracked into homes in East Trenton, NJ, a community with extensive historical environmental lead contamination, using a community-based participatory approach.
methodsThrough a community-academic partnership, community scientists sampled soil from 122 homes in East Trenton. In a subset of 42 homes, lead-based paint was measured using X-ray fluorescence, and dust lead loadings were measured from interior floors, windowsills, and window wells using a modified HUD method.
resultsOf 242 soil samples, 86.4% exceeded EPA's 200 ppm residential lead hazard level. In homes built before 1978 with lead-based paint present (n = 33), mean (SD) dust lead loadings were: floors (n = 72) 135.4 (311.9) μg/ft², windowsills (n = 39) 3,372.2 (19,688.4) μg/ft², and window wells (N = 36) 7,675.1 (34,041.1) μg/ft². In homes without lead-based paint (n = 11), loadings were: floors (n = 20) 263 (1006) μg/ft², windowsills (n = 11) 23.6 (26.2) μg/ft², and window wells (n = 10) 312.5 (307.1) μg/ft². Wilcoxon ranked sum test showed no observed difference in loadings on floors between homes with and without lead paint identified (p = 0.28); however, there were significant differences in lead loadings for both windowsills (p < 0.001) and window wells (p = 0.009), with homes with lead paint having higher windowsill and window well lead loadings. Notably, in homes without lead-based paint, 80% of floor samples exceeded 10 µg/ft², indicating substantial lead hazard without the presence of lead-based paint. SIGNIFICANCE: Elevated dust lead in homes built or renovated after 1978 without interior paint hazards suggests that lead is tracked indoors from exterior sources. Regulatory policies relying solely on housing age to assess lead exposure risk may overlook critical community-level contamination pathways, inadequately protecting residents in heavily impacted areas. IMPACT STATEMENT: Homes with no interior lead-based paint hazards are susceptible to interior dust lead loadings greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hazard level for floor dust if located in a community with elevated lead soil levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42538341What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.