Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42536721›Full record

ReviewScience advances2026

From trade-offs to translation: An interdisciplinary roadmap for neurotechnology.

Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano, Joe G Troughton, Nima Mirkhani, Natalia Martínez, Massimo Mariello, Jordan Tsigarides, Simon Williamson, Juan Sapriza, Ioana Susnoschi Luca, Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro and 5 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ruben Ruiz-Mateos SerranoDepartment of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8501-7068
Joe G TroughtonInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9419-9326
Nima MirkhaniNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2105-5636
Natalia MartínezDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.ORCID 0009-0004-8411-9558
Massimo MarielloInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2750-0422
Jordan TsigaridesNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9893-8002
Simon WilliamsonDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8951-6446
Juan SaprizaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.ORCID 0009-0003-4451-7837
Ioana Susnoschi LucaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Antonio Dominguez-AlfaroInstituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3215-9732
Estelle CuttazDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7957-2348
Nicole ThompsonDepartment of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4153-9614
Sydney SwedickDepartment of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.ORCID 0009-0008-7061-8777
Latifah AlmullaInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3165-8561
Amparo GüemesDepartment of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4206-6812

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurotechnologies are transforming how we measure, interpret, and modulate brain-body interactions, integrating real-time sensing, computation, and stimulation to enable precise physiological control. They hold transformative potential across clinical and nonclinical domains, from treating disorders to enhancing cognition and performance. Realizing this potential requires navigating complex, interdisciplinary challenges spanning neuroscience, materials science, engineering, signal processing, and regulatory and ethical frameworks. This Perspective presents a strategic roadmap for neurotechnology development, created by early-career researchers at the intersection of disciplines. We identify five cross-cutting trade-offs that shape the development and translation of neurotechnology: material functionality versus long-term stability, innovative development versus scalable manufacturing, spatiotemporal resolution versus real-time capability, multiscale multimodal integration versus system adaptability, and technological complexity versus clinical or commercial translatability. Rather than a domain-specific review, we focus on shared challenges and strategic opportunities that transcend disciplines, propose a unified framework for collaborative innovation and education, highlight ethical and regulatory priorities, and outline a timeline for overcoming key bottlenecks.

Indexed as

NeurosciencesTranslational Research, BiomedicalHumans

Identifiers

PMID42536721
PMCPMC13426423

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.