ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.
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Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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70 authors.
Adrian GervaisLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Astrid MarchalLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Alexis MaillardLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Tom Le VoyerLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Jérémie RosainLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Quentin PhilippotLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Lucy BizienLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Jessica PeelSt. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.
Axel CederholmScience for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0006-5973-9637
Mélanie MigaudLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Sylvie PonsJoint Research Unit Civils Hospices of Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France.
Kahina SakerJoint Research Unit Civils Hospices of Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France.
Pascal LaforetNeurology Department, Nord/Est/ Île-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Raymond-Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches 92380, France.
Mélodie AubartLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Cyril GitiauxDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France.
Catherine M BiggsDepartment of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.
Rafael Leon LopezHospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba 14004, Spain.
Sarah SouvannanorathReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil 94000, France.
Céline TardLille University Hospital, Inserm U1172, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Lille 59000, France.
Aleksandra Nadaj PaklezaNeurology Department, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases 'Nord-Est-Ile de France,' University Hospitals of Strasbourg, and European Reference Network for rare neuromuscular diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Strasbourg 67000, France.
Aude-Marie GrapperonReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), ERN EURO-NMD, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France.
Nicholas HemingLaboratory of Infection and Inflammation-U1173, School of Medicine, INSERM, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris Saclay, Garches 92380, France.
Djillali AnnaneLaboratory of Infection and Inflammation-U1173, School of Medicine, INSERM, University Versailles Saint Quentin-University Paris Saclay, Garches 92380, France.
Annie VerschuerenReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), ERN EURO-NMD, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France.
Shahram AttarianReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), ERN EURO-NMD, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France.
Kévin BigautNeurology Department, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases 'Nord-Est-Ile de France,' University Hospitals of Strasbourg, and European Reference Network for rare neuromuscular diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Strasbourg 67000, France.
Karolina HankiewiczDepartment of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis 93200, France.
Ludivine KoutonReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), ERN EURO-NMD, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France.
Rocio-Nur Villar-QuilesCentre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Sorbonne Université Centre de Recherche en Myologie-UMRS974 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France.
Cécile CauquilInserm U 1195, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neuropathies Amyloïdes et Autres Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, Département Médico-Universitaire Neurosciences, Paris Saclay University, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des neuropathies amyloïdes familiales et autres neuropathies périphériques rares - Filière de Santé Maladies Rares Neuromusculaires, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270, France.
Marie-Céline FleuryNeurology Department, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases 'Nord-Est-Ile de France,' University Hospitals of Strasbourg, and European Reference Network for rare neuromuscular diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Strasbourg 67000, France.
Emilie RocherNeurology Department, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases 'Nord-Est-Ile de France,' University Hospitals of Strasbourg, and European Reference Network for rare neuromuscular diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Strasbourg 67000, France.
Guillaume NicolasNeurology Department, Nord/Est/ Île-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Raymond-Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches 92380, France.
Eduardo de Paula EstephanDepartment of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
Maria da Penha Ananias MoritaFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Ciências Neurológicas, Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, São José do Rio Preto SP 15090-000, Brazil.
Edmar ZanoteliDepartment of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
Zakaria SaiedNational Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology-Faculty of Medicine Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
Amine RachdiNational Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology-Faculty of Medicine Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
Amouri RimDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
Samir BelalNational Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology-Faculty of Medicine Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
Samia Ben SassiDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
Annemarie HübersDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40223, Germany.
Emmanuel FaureDepartment of Neurology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospitals-Pitié-Salpétrière Charles Foix, Paris 75013, France.
Isabelle DesguerreDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France.
Clémence BasseInstitut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris 75014, France.
Nicolas GirardInstitut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris 75014, France.
Vivien BéziatLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4020-824X
Qiang Pan-HammarströmDivision of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1990-8804
Lennart HammarströmDivision of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-8635-9609
Aaron BodanskyDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Audrey V ParentDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Mark S AndersonDepartment of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Joseph L DeRisiDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Sophie DemeretSorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center for Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris 75013, France.
Frédérique TruffaultSorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center for Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris 75013, France.
Romain FortDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite 69149, France.
Florence AderInternational Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon 69364, France.
Florent WalletMédecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Lyon 69495, France.
Sophie Trouillet-AssantJoint Research Unit Civils Hospices of Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France.
Laurent AbelLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Thierry MolinaImagine Institute, Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France.
Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian *Necker Biological Resources Center and Immunology Laboratory, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75015, France.
Rozen Le Panse *Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center for Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris 75013, France.
Guilhem Solé *Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders AOC, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin University Hospital), Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, Bordeaux 33000, France.
Aurélie Cobat *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7209-6257
Nils Landegren *Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden.
Jean-Laurent Casanova *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7782-4169
Anne Puel *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.ORCID 0000-0003-2603-0323
Paul Bastard *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5926-8437
Emmanuelle Jouanguy *Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France.
Funding
Developing, Demonstrating, and Disseminating Innovative Programs to Achieve Translational SuccessUL1TR001866 · NCATS · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI COLLER, BARRY, KRUEGER, JAMES G · 2016 to 2025
$40.6MInborn errors of immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19R01AI163029 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI CASANOVA, JEAN-LAURENT, ZHANG, QIAN · 2021 to 2025
$3.7MAgence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-10-IAHU-01Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEIDAgence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-20-CE93-0003Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-20-CO11-0001Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-21-COVR-0039Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-21-RHUS-0008Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-22-CE15-0046Battersea and Bowery Advisory Group n/aEC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) 824110EC | Horizon Europe | Global Challenges & European Industrial Competitiveness | HORIZON EUROPE Health (Santé) 101057100Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Fisher Center) n/aFondation Bettencourt Schueller (Bettencourt Schueller Foundation) n/aFondation du Souffle (FdS) n/aFondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) EA20170638020Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) EQU202503020018French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation MESRI-COVID-19General Atlantic Foundation n/aGrandir - Fonds de solidarité pour l'enfance n/aHHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI163029HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR001866Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) n/aImagine Institute, France n/aInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) n/aMeyer Foundation (The Meyer Foundation) n/aNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI163029Paris Cité University n/aREACTing-INSERM n/aRockefeller University (The Rockefeller Institute) n/aSCOR Corporate Foundation for Science (SCOR Foundation) n/aSquare Foundation (France) n/aStavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) n/aSt. Giles Foundation (St Giles Foundation) n/a
Abstract
Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may produce autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (AAN-I-IFN), which underlie severe viral diseases, including critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in patients without MG. We studied an international cohort of 85 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected MG patients not given antiviral treatment. Hypoxemic pneumonia occurred in 48 of these patients, including 22 (45.8%) with AAN-I-IFN, which neutralized both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in 14 (29.2%) patients. Six (16.2%) of the remaining 37 patients had AAN-I-IFN, neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in three patients. The risk of hypoxemic pneumonia was greater in MG patients with AAN-I-IFN neutralizing 10 ng/mL of both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR [95% CI]): 12.7 [2.1 to 78.9],
Indexed as
AutoantibodiesHypoxiaInterferon Type IMyasthenia GravisAdultAgedCOVID-19FemaleHumansInterferon-alphaMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2AutoantibodiesInterferon-alphaInterferon Type IautoantibodiesCOVID-19interferonsmyasthenia gravis
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