Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42536337›Full record

ArticleAnnals of dyslexia2026

Spoken language delay in toddlerhood predicts late childhood language outcomes in dyslexia: evidence from retrospective parent-report.

Eleanor R Palser, Nilgoun Bahar, Ellie Carpenter, Maya Bardorf, Margo Kersey, Rian Bogley, Sarah Inkelis, Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas, Boon-Lead Tee, Jessica DeLeon and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of dyslexia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Eleanor R PalserUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. epalser@paloaltou.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-4184
Nilgoun BaharUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Ellie CarpenterUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Maya BardorfUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Margo KerseyUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Rian BogleyUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Sarah InkelisUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Pedro Pinheiro-ChagasUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Boon-Lead TeeUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Jessica DeLeonUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Virginia E SturmUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Zachary A MillerUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Maria Luisa MandelliUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Maria Luisa Gorno TempiniUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Christa PereiraUCSF Dyslexia Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

Funding

Progressive Aphasia Cognition Anatomy and ProgressionR01NS050915 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MARIA LUISA GORNO TEMPINI · 2004 to 2026
$11.0M
Emotion alterations across the Alzheimer's disease spectrumR01AG073244 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STURM, VIRGINIA EMILY · 2021 to 2025
$4.0M
Neurobiological Basis of Emotion Regulation Trajectories in Early Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG057204 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STURM, VIRGINIA EMILY · 2017 to 2021
$3.9M
Training program in the neurology of language and neurodegenerative aphasiasK24DC015544 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GORNO TEMPINI, MARIA LUISA · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057204NIA NIH HHS R01AG057204NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073244NIA NIH HHS R01AG073244NIDCD NIH HHS K24 DC015544NIDCD NIH HHS K24DC015544NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS050915NINDS NIH HHS R01NS050915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Some children are slower than average to acquire early spoken language milestones. Little is known about how this heterogeneity in expressive language impacts later childhood language and reading outcomes in children with dyslexia. We investigated oral language and reading differences in 63 children with dyslexia aged 8-12 years, comparing those with (35%) and without (65%) a prior history of delayed two-word phrase production (beyond 24 months of age). All children subsequently acquired fluent spoken language. Language outcome measures included standardized tests of current sound awareness, rapid picture naming, memory for words, and sentence repetition. Current single word and paragraph reading abilities were measured using standardized timed and untimed tests. Results indicated that both groups showed comparable single word and paragraph reading performance in middle childhood. Those with early spoken language delay had poorer sentence repetition and memory for words than those who used two-word phrases by 24-months. Our findings point to distinct language contributions to dyslexia in children with and without a history of early spoken language acquisition difficulties, underscoring the importance of considering early language milestones in this population.

Indexed as

DyslexiaLanguage Development DisordersSpeechChildFemaleHumansLanguage TestsMaleParentsReadingRetrospective StudiesDyslexiaLanguage delayLanguage milestonesLate-talkingLiteracyReadingSpecific learning disorder

Identifiers

PMID42536337
PMCPMC13529838

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.