ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
High prevalence of ESBL encoding genes in enterobacterales isolated from hospital and environmental wastewater in Pakistan- One Health challenge.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental wastewater is increasingly recognized as a critical reservoir and dissemination pathway for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales represent a major public health threat owing to their multidrug resistance and ability to disseminate resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacterales recovered from hospital wastewater (HWW) and environmental wastewater (EWW) in Faisalabad, Pakistan.
methodsA total of 100 samples from HWW and EWW sources were collected across Faisalabad. Enterobacterales were isolated using culture media and confirmed phenotypically. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, while ESBL production was confirmed by the combined disk diffusion test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes was conducted using multiplex PCR.
resultsOverall, 165 Enterobacterales isolates were recovered, including 86 (52.1%) from HWW and 79 (47.8%) from EWW. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant species in both wastewater sources. High resistance rates were observed against beta-lactam antibiotics except carbapenems. Overall, bla
conclusionsThe predominance of bla
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