ReviewThe Journal of physiology2026
Presentation of preload and afterload to isolated heart preparations.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
The isolated heart preparation has been the fundamental model for performing mechanical and energetics investigations of cardiac function. Numerous reviews have been conducted detailing the evolution and development of Langendorff-heart and working-heart models, as well as considerations of experimental factors, including perfusion techniques, experimental conditions and applications in both preclinical and clinical areas. In this review, we provide the first narration and collection of the various techniques applied to load isolated heart preparations. Specifically, we describe how preload and afterload are presented, controlled and changed, either physically or using software, to prescribe pressure or flow impedance to the isolated heart. We also discuss the modelling of in vivo haemodynamics and how these conditions can be visualised in a working-heart model. We complete the review by offering future perspectives on developing working-heart models that not only aim to address the limitations of the current set-ups but also extend to a dynamic impedance afterload device that can adapt beat-by-beat impedance changes, mimicking the in vivo condition more accurately.
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