ArticleBirth defects research2026
Preconception and Early Pregnancy Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Case-Control Study Using Single-Pollutant, Multi-Pollutant, and Mixture-Based Analyses.
Article in Birth defects research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is among the most common congenital anomalies worldwide. Ambient air pollution has emerged as an important environmental exposure potentially contributing to its multifactorial etiology. This study investigated associations between ambient air pollutant exposures during the preconception period and first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of CLP.
methodsThis hospital-based case-control study included 127 infants with CLP and 271 controls. Baseline participant characteristics were collected through structured interviews. Ambient air pollutant data (PM
resultsHigher exposures to ozone (O₃), PM
conclusionThese findings support the potential importance of air quality within the multifactorial etiology of CLP and highlight the need for further studies using refined exposure assessment, larger populations, and phenotype-specific analyses to clarify causal pathways and inform prevention strategies.
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