ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2026
Pharmacological Therapy in Patients With Gender Dysphoria: A Cohort Study in the Lazio Region, Italy.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pharmacological Therapy in Patients With Gender Dysphoria: A Cohort Study in the Lazio Region, Italy.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIndividuals with gender dysphoria (GD) experience discomfort or distress related to gender incongruence. Management often requires pharmacological support for hormonal and psychological needs. This study aimed to identify a cohort of GD patients in the Lazio Region and analyze their medication use compared with the general population.
methodsUsing regional health information systems, we identified individuals with incident hospitalizations for GD between 2011 and 2021. We assessed medication use in the year following discharge and compared it with an age- and sex-matched population sample (1:10 ratio). We calculated the proportion of individuals with at least one dispensed prescription in selected therapeutic classes, with 95% confidence intervals.
resultsWe identified 365 individuals with GD (median age 26 years), of whom 52.9% were assigned male at birth (AMAB) and 47.1% were assigned female at birth (AFAB). Within one year, 72.1% (67.5%-76.7%) of GD individuals received at least one medication, compared to 43.1% (41.5%-44.7%) in the general population. Medicine use was higher among AMAB (83.9%) than AFAB (58.7%). The most prescribed drug classes were anti-infectives (35%), sex hormones (35%), gastrointestinal/metabolic agents (28%), and nervous system drugs (18%). Patterns differed by sex assigned at birth: estrogens, anti-androgens, and vitamins were common in AMAB, while acid-related disorder drugs, psychotropics, and testosterone were more frequent in AFAB.
conclusionsGD patients showed higher medication use than the general population, with distinct patterns by sex assigned at birth. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and evaluating long-term safety of pharmacological therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.