Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42535622›Full record

ArticleGlobal health action2026

Fragmented prevention in rural South Africa: a qualitative study of Biokineticists' perspectives on health system barriers to early detection of non-communicable diseases.

Gudani G Mukoma, Lisa K Micklesfield, Estelle D Watson, Shane A Norris

Abstract read
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Article in Global health action, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Gudani G MukomaDepartment of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3305-9274
Lisa K MicklesfieldSAMRC/ Wits Ageing African Adult Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4994-0779
Estelle D WatsonSchool of Exercise, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Shane A NorrisSAMRC/ Wits Ageing African Adult Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7124-3788

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect rural South Africans due to limited healthcare access and delayed diagnoses. Biokineticists, experts in clinical exercise therapy, can aid in the early detection and prevention of NCDs, but their integration into primary healthcare remains limited.

objectiveTo explore Biokineticists' perspectives on their role in early NCD detection and prevention in rural South Africa, along with health-system factors affecting their integration into public primary healthcare.

methodsAn interpretivist qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 10 purposively selected Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA)-registered Biokineticists (6 female, 4 male; median age 34; median 10 years' practice experience). Interviews explored screening, health promotion, referrals, interprofessional collaboration, and systemic barriers. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.

resultsFour interconnected domains were identified: (1) professional identity and recognition, (2) screening and early-detection practices, (3) community-based prevention and management, and (4) structural barriers and integration opportunities. Participants conducted screenings, exercise-based interventions, and health promotion activities, but faced fragmented referral pathways, low awareness of Biokinetics, limited visibility, and financial and geographic barriers affecting rural access. While participants viewed Biokineticists as capable contributors to NCD prevention and early detection, systemic issues, including weak integration into primary healthcare and the National Health Insurance framework (NHI), hindered continuity of care. Conclusion: Biokineticists are an underused allied-health resource with the potential to strengthen early detection and prevention of NCDs in rural primary care settings; addressing structural and policy barriers is crucial for their integration into primary care.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityNoncommunicable DiseasesRural PopulationPrimary Health CareQualitative ResearchSouth Africaallied healthBiokineticsearly detectionrural healthSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID42535622
PMCPMC13431010

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.