Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42535082›Full record

ArticleThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2026

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the

Muhammad Shahzil, Zainab Jamil, Saleha Azeem, Minahel Shehzadi, Aisha Shabbir, Muhammad Saad Faisal, Fariha Hasan, Muhammad Ali Khaqan, Ammad Javaid Chaudhary, Syed-Mohammed Jafri

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of theThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad ShahzilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, Pennsylvania, USA, psu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-7545
Zainab JamilDepartment of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan, kemu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3596-6300
Saleha AzeemDepartment of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan, kemu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-6048
Minahel ShehzadiDepartment of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan, kemu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5876-2900
Aisha ShabbirDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, umn.edu.
Muhammad Saad FaisalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit 48202, Michigan, USA, henryford.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4785-7922
Fariha HasanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden 08103, New Jersey, USA, cooperhealth.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8186-0106
Muhammad Ali KhaqanDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, Kentucky, USA, uky.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2863-8352
Ammad Javaid ChaudharyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit 48202, Michigan, USA, henryford.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-3988
Syed-Mohammed JafriDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit 48202, Michigan, USA, henryford.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7408

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through August 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials enrolling adults aged 50-85 years that compared genetically detoxified Results: Eight trials (11,717 participants) showed no significant vaccine effect on overall CDI incidence (RR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.56-1.32; I Conclusion:

Indexed as

antitoxin antibodieshumoral immunityseroconversiontoxoid immunizationvaccine safety

Identifiers

PMID42535082
PMCPMC13422635

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.