Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42534967›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Introducing family medicine in Tanzania: strengthening primary health care through the 5 Cs-advocacy through a deliberative dialogue symposium-a case study of multinational academic collaboration.

Donatus Rutajama Mutasingwa, Nancy Matillya, Enica Richard, Matilda Alfred Mkonyi, Elichilia R Shao, Michael Burke, Henry Ziegler, Esther M Johnston, Klaus B Von Pressentin, Mugambi Joy and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Donatus Rutajama MutasingwaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nancy MatillyaDepartment of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Enica RichardDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Matilda Alfred MkonyiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Elichilia R ShaoDepartment of Internal Medicine, KCMC University School of Medicine, Moshi Urban, Tanzania.
Michael BurkeSchool of Public Health, KCMC University School of Medicine, Moshi Urban, Tanzania.
Henry ZieglerHealth Tanzania Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Esther M JohnstonDepartment of Family Medicine & Community Health University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Klaus B Von PressentinDivision of Family Medicine, Department of Family, Community and Emergency Care, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Mugambi JoyDepartment of Family Medicine, Kabarak University Nakuru, Nakuru, Kenya.
Innocent BesigyeDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Paschal RuggajoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Riaz RatansiDepartment of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Eric AghanSEED Global Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
Katherine Dominique RouleauDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Davis RubagumyaDepartment of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Aziza MagramHealthcare Centre de Reef, The Hgue, Netherlands.
Florence Salvatory KalabamuDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kairuki University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tanzania is currently advancing universal health coverage (UHC) through the 2026 launch of its Universal Health Insurance scheme, creating a critical policy window to strengthen primary health care (PHC). This paper reflects on the first Family Medicine Symposium in Morogoro (January 2026), a milestone event designed to advocate for the integration of Family Medicine (FM) into the national health system. Utilizing a deliberative dialogue approach, the symposium convened 51 diverse stakeholders-including Tanzanian policymakers and academic partners from eight countries-to examine FM through the "5 Cs" framework: first-contact access, continuity, comprehensiveness, coordination, and person-centered care. The event featured expert presentations, case vignettes, and facilitated discussions structured around the 5 Cs. In addition to the 5 Cs we also discussed training, financing, and workforce transitions. We describe a unique, multinational, multidisciplinary and informal academic partnership that drove this initiative. Rather than following rigid, highly resourced programmatic frameworks, this collaboration was relationship-driven, built on 3 years of trust-building and the contextual expertise of international partners with prior lived experience in Tanzania. While the absence of immediate formal policy commitments remains a limitation, the engagement established a vital transnational platform for collective advocacy. This paper highlights how informal, context-sensitive partnerships can align FM educational initiatives with health system needs to advance PHC transformation.

Indexed as

advocacydeliberative dialoguefamily medicinepartnershipTanzania

Identifiers

PMID42534967
PMCPMC13422557

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.