Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42534960›Full record

Trial reportFrontiers in public health2026

Assessing the relationship between body mass index and influenza-like illness risk and symptom severity among military health system beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza: a pooled prospective cohort study from a randomized trial.

Mofan Gu, Stephanie A Richard, Rhonda E Colombo, Kat Schmidt, Anuradha Ganesan, Wesley R Campbell, Katrin Mende, Srihari Seshadri, Adam Saperstein, David E Hrncir and 11 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Mofan GuInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Stephanie A RichardInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Rhonda E ColomboInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Kat SchmidtInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Anuradha GanesanInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Wesley R CampbellWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Katrin MendeInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Srihari SeshadriImmunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States.
Adam SapersteinDepartment of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States.
David E HrncirImmunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States.
Ryan C MavesDepartment of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Robert J O'ConnellInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Christina E SpoonerImmunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States.
Mark P SimonsInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Laurie A HouselImmunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, VA, United States.
Alan WilliamsDepartment of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States.
John H PowersClinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States.
Anthony FriesUS Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States.
Christian L ColesInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Timothy H BurgessInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Simon D PollettInfectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Funding

WORK ORDER 126643 B539 EXPAND IC SUITE75N91019D00024 · NIAID · LEIDOS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC. · PI BRISCOE, LYNN · 2019 to 2025
$3932.6M
NIH HHS 75N91019D00024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity prevalence is rising globally and associated with increased influenza mortality. The relationship between obesity and influenza-like-illness (ILI) incidence and symptom severity is less clear. Materials and methods: US Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries enrolled in a randomized influenza vaccine trial received one of three influenza vaccines and were followed for ILI via weekly surveys throughout one influenza season. Participants were pooled across vaccine arms into a prospective cohort. We compared ILI risk and ILI symptom severity (Flu-PRO) across body mass index (BMI) categories using multivariable regression models. Results: Among the 8,334 participants with >50% response rates to weekly ILI surveys, 42% had an overweight-range BMI and 24% had an obesity-range BMI. The median age was 36.2, and 86% had no baseline comorbidities. Over one quarter of the participants (27%) reported at least one ILI during follow-up, with a median duration of 11 days. Participants with an overweight and obesity-range BMI were more likely to report ILIs [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.33) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.37-1.84), respectively]. Participants with obesity also had higher risks of reporting moderate-to-severe symptoms in four Flu-PRO domains: gastrointestinal, respiratory, systemic, and throat [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.01-2.70), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.05-1.67), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.06-1.63), and 1.20 (95% CI 1.02-1.40) respectively]. Conclusions: Higher BMI was associated with ILI incidence and severity. These findings prompt further research into optimal strategies to reduce the impact of ILI in MHS settings and the general population.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesMilitary PersonnelObesityAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMilitary HealthProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexUnited StatesInfluenza Vaccinesbody mass indexinfluenzainfluenza-like illnessmilitary healthobesity

Identifiers

PMID42534960
PMCPMC13422495

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.