Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42534608›Full record

ArticleMacromolecules2026

Linker Molar Mass-Driven Control over Supramolecular Network Relaxation and Architecture in BTA Hydrogels.

Arthur Helsen, João S Ribeiro, Ivo A Beeren, Hans Duimel, Ruth Cardinaels, Lorenzo Moroni, Louis M Pitet, Matthew B Baker

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Macromolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Arthur HelsenDepartment of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-0086
João S RibeiroDepartment of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-6774
Ivo A BeerenDepartment of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-9956
Hans DuimelMaastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ruth CardinaelsSoft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-6504
Lorenzo MoroniDepartment of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-6025
Louis M PitetAdvanced Functional Polymers Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-0707
Matthew B BakerDepartment of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-3858

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The fibrous, viscoelastic extracellular matrix (ECM) directs cell fate through mechanotransduction, but recreating these time-dependent mechanics in biomaterials remains a significant challenge. Current synthetic matrices rarely reconcile fibrillar architecture, physiological stiffness, and stress relaxation, with most systems achieving only some of these hallmarks. Supramolecular benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogels offer a compelling route forward, as their hydrogen-bonded nanofibers mimic ECM-like networks. Simultaneously, the reversible dynamic hydrogen bonding responsible for the assemblies enables shear thinning, self-healing, and tunable viscoelasticity. Here, three distinct BTA hydrogels were developed, distinguishable by the hydrophilic poly-(ethylene) glycol (PEG) linker length, and all hydrogelators self-assemble and form self-healing, shear thinning hydrogels. Curiously, in contrast to covalent networks, shortening the length of PEG leads to a decrease in stiffness (G') and faster stress relaxation time scales (

Identifiers

PMID42534608
PMCPMC13421974

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.