Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42534527›Full record

ArticleContemporary drug problems2026

"I Know So Many Women That Have the Same Story as Mine": Exploring How the Increase of Benzodiazepines in the Unregulated Drug Supply Shapes Experiences of Gender-Based Violence Among Women and Gender Minorities in Vancouver, BC.

Jenn McDermid, Danya Fast, Echo Vieira, Melody Wise, D J Joe, Andrea Krüsi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary drug problems, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jenn McDermidInterdisciplinary Studies Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Danya FastDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Echo VieiraDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Melody WiseDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
D J JoeIndependent Researcher, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Andrea KrüsiDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-8192

Funding

Social and structural context of HIV/STI risk among FSWsR01DA028648 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI GOLDENBERG, SHIRA MIRIAM, KRUSI, ANDREA · 2010 to 2024
$6.9M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA028648
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Benzodiazepines have become increasingly prevalent in the unregulated drug supply in Canada. Benzodiazepines are regularly prescribed as anxiety or sleep aids, and typically have strong sedative effects. Despite the influx of benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply, the gendered impacts of this change have not been evaluated. To address this gap, our aim was to explore how the increase of benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply shaped experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) among women and gender minorities who experience intersecting modes of criminalization in Vancouver, Canada. Methods: This analysis draws on 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews with criminalized women and gender minorities between 2022 and 2023. Using a structural violence framework, this analysis seeks to characterize the intersecting and gendered impacts of increased benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply. Results: In addition to the desired effects of benzodiazepines, some participants also described experiencing drowsiness, confusion, and memory loss due to benzodiazepine exposure, heightening both experiences and fear of gender-based violence (GBV). Participants' narratives highlight that, despite instituting safety strategies and fostering positive community connections, many felt vulnerable to GBV while either unintentionally using benzodizepines or unknowingly purchasing high potency benzodiazepines, increasing risk of GBV (assault, exploitation, theft) in the context of broader misogony and gender subordination. The fear of being victimized led some participants to use alone, which in turn increased the potential for fatal overdose. Conclusion: This research demonstrates the gendered impacts of prohibition, highlighting how the influx of benzodiazepines shaped participants' experiences of GBV. Our findings underline the importance of a safe, accessible, and regulated drug supply alongside sustained efforts towards gender equity more broadly to better support the safety of criminalized women and gender minorities.

Indexed as

benzodiazepinesgendergender-based violencestructural violenceunregulated drug toxicity crisis

Identifiers

PMID42534527
PMCPMC13421171

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.