ReviewKidney international reports2026
Bone Mineral Density Loss After Kidney Transplantation: Metabolic Determinants, Diagnostic Approaches, and Preventive Strategies.
Review in Kidney international reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Mineral and bone disease (MBD) is a frequent complication after solid organ transplantation. The rapid decline in bone mineral density (BMD) during the first year after kidney transplantation reflects complex interactions between immunosuppressive therapy, metabolic factors and pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD)-MBD. This narrative review summarizes the magnitude and time course of BMD loss after kidney transplantation, the underlying metabolic and pharmacologic mechanisms, and associated fracture risk. Diagnostic strategies including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), high-resolution peripheral QCT(HR-pQCT), finite element analysis (FEA), and biochemical markers are reviewed alongside preventive and therapeutic approaches. Recent data highlight early deterioration of cortical bone structure, persistent hyperparathyroidism, and the limited predictive value of DXA alone. Integration of advanced imaging and bone-turnover markers as well as markers of mineral metabolism could improve risk stratification. Emerging artificial intelligence-based modeling and HR-pQCT-guided phenotyping may enable individualized prevention strategies in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
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