ArticleReviews in cardiovascular medicine2026
Synergistic Value of Combined Electrical, Structural, and Functional Response Metrics in the Prediction of Long-Term Event-Free Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.
Article in Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a cornerstone in the management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and electrical dyssynchrony. This study aimed to identify clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), biomarker, echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters predictive of 2-year all-cause mortality and hospitalization following CRT implantation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients undergoing CRT. Baseline characteristics and 6-12-month follow-up data, including biomarkers, ECG parameters, echocardiographic measures, and CMR parameters, were assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of 2-year event-free survival, defined as freedom from all-cause mortality or hospitalization. Results: At baseline, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatinine levels, impaired right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), increased right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV), and reduced left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. At follow-up, event-free patients had lower NT-proBNP levels, higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and lower left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV). Response rates for QRS complex (QRS) shortening (≥20 ms), LVEF improvement (≥10% absolute increase), and LVESV reduction (≥15%) were significantly higher in the event-free group. Univariate predictors of 2-year event-free survival included baseline RVEF (odds ratio (OR) 0.958; Conclusion: Combined improvement in QRS duration, LVESV, and LVEF after CRT implantation is a strong predictor of 2-year event-free survival. These findings support a comprehensive, multiparameter approach to evaluating CRT efficacy and guiding clinical management.
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