ArticleJournal of military, veteran and family health2025
Virtual and in-person chronic pain management outcomes: A retrospective observational study.
Article in Journal of military, veteran and family health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated alternate modes of delivery of chronic pain management programs. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to examine the outcomes of virtual and in-person programs during the pandemic. Methods: Data were collected from the five-week intensive interdisciplinary pain management program (adapted for the pandemic) at the Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, Hamilton, Ontario (N = 99; 66% virtual). Participants completed psychometric measures of pain intensity, pain disability, kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, sensitivity to pain traumatization, pain stages of change, pain acceptance, likelihood estimates of return to work and subjective happiness scales at admission and discharge, and self-evaluations of program benefit and satisfaction at discharge. A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) on outcomes and between-groups ANOVAs on satisfaction measures were conducted. Results: Both programs produced highly significant outcomes with medium to large effect sizes for all measures (except the contemplation stage of change; Discussion: Results show that virtual delivery of chronic pain management is just as effective as in-person delivery. Previous findings on the benefits of interdisciplinary chronic pain management are replicated. Results point to the need to have both programs available for patients to promote benefit for all patients.
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